Glass-ceramic plate heating unit cast-in heat spreader

ABSTRACT

A glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit has a high thermal conductivity layer such as aluminum or copper cast in a recess formed on the underside of the plate, a metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with an underlying reinforcing member is cast into the high conductivity layer, so that the said layer serves both as a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element and the plate as well as a heat spreader means across the plate. The underside of the plate is shown with a plurality of cavities so as to increase the area of contact between the high conductivity layer and the glass-ceramic plate.

United States Patent [1 1 Dills GLASS-CERAMIC PLATE HEATING UNIT CAST-1N HEAT SPREADER [75] Inventor: Raymond L. Dills, Louisville, Ky.

[73] Assignee: General Electric Company,

Louisville, Ky.

22 Filed: July 1,1974

21 Appl. No.: 484,421

[52] US. Cl. 219/462; 219/457; 219/463; 219/464; 219/530 [51] Int. Cl. 1. H051) 3/68 [58] Field of Search 219/439, 449, 457, 458, 219/459, 461,462,463, 464, 467,530

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,924,409 8/1933 Manson 1 219/530 2,152,126 3/1939 Young 219/460 3,519,798 7/1970 Walther 1. 219/439 3,569,672 3/1971 Hurko 219/464 [4 1 May 20, 1975 3,622,754 11/1971 Hurko 219/462 3,632,983 1/1972 Dills 219/.464 3,805,023 4/1974 Waimer et al. 219/464 X 3,816,704 6/1974 Borom et a1, 219/462 Primary Examiner-Velodymyr Y. Mayewsky [57] ABSTRACT A glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit has a high thermal conductivity layer such as aluminum or copper cast in a recess formed on the underside of the plate, a metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with an underlying reinforcing member is cast into the high conductivity layer, so that the said layer serves both as a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element and the plate as well as a heat spreader means across the plate, The underside of the plate is shown with a plurality of cavities so as to increase the area of contact between the high conductivity layer and the glass-ceramic plate.

3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures GLASS-CERAMIC PLATE HEATING UNIT CAST-IN HEAT SPREADER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention:

The invention relates to glass-ceramic plate surface heating units or cooktops with a metal sheathed heating element cast into a heat spreading layer on the underside of the plate.

2. Description of the Prior Art:

In order to improve the cleanability of cooktops of domestic ranges as well as built-in countertop cooktops, the standard porcelain enamel cooktop surface with separate electrical heating elements or gas burners has been replaced in certain models of appliances by high resistivity glass-ceramic plates. which are heated by electricity or gas. Such plates are of generally milkwhite. opaque, glass-ceramic or crystalline glass material sold under such trademarks as PYROCERAM. CER-VIT". and HERCUVIT. This glass-ceramic material has a low thermal expansion coefficient, and it has a smooth top surface of almost ground glass finish or texture that presents a pleasing appearance and is also readily cleanable. The continuous top surface prevents the drainage of spillovers underneath the cooktop.

One such electrically heated glass-ceramic cooktop design is shown in US. Pat. No. 3.632.983 of the present inventor. which is also assigned to the assignee of the present invention Present day glass-ceramic surface units and cooktops are less efficient thermally than standard porcelain enamelled steel cooktops having metal sheathed electrical resistance heating elements of spiral configuration. This is mainly because the glass-ceramic material has a high thermal mass. thus a slow thermal response requiring a longer time to heat up and cool down. The heat is stored in the glassceramic plate as well as in the sheathed heating element and in the insulating support block or pad for the heating element. When open coil heaters are used at a spaced distance below the plate there is also a poor thermal coupling between the heater and the glass-ceramic plate. In order to transfer the heat from an open coil heater to the glassceramic plate. the heater has to operate at higher temperatures than otherwise. which creates several problems such as poor efficiency of the system, high heat losses, over heating of components. and high cooktop temperatures. Glass-ceramic cooktops and surface units with open coil heaters also present a safety hazard in the event the glass-ceramic plate is broken and liquids should pass through the crack and contact the open coil heater.

Another difficulty encountered in glass-ceramic plate heating units is the rather poor quality of thermal conductivity through the glass-ceramic material. Such material is used widely in other arts as a thermal and electrical insulating material. rather than as a thermal conductor in the present invention. Heat does not readily diffuse laterally through the glass-ceramic plate, and during a cooking operation heat will flow to the utensil only near the point of contact. The remainder of the heated area may become very hot.

One solution to this problem of low thermal efficiency in glass-ceramic plate heating units is taught in US. Pat. No. 3,622,754 of Bohdan Hurko, which is also assigned to the present assignee. This Hurko patent employs a metal sheathed heating element that is attached to theunderside of a thin composite plate having a core of high thermal conductivity such as copper, silver or aluminum. The composite plate is pressed against the underside of the glass-ceramic plate.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit or cooktop with a cast-in heat spreader plate which also serves as a mechanical and thermal coupling means for the heating element.

A further object ofthe present invention is to provide a glass-ceramic plate heating unit or cooktop of the class described with an enlarged area of contact between the cast-in heat spreader plate and the glassceramic plate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention, in accordance with one form thereof. relates to a solid plate surface heating unit comprising a glass-ceramic plate having a recess formed on the underside thereof. the recess being substantially filled with a high conductivity cast-in heat spreader layer. A metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with a reinforcing member of open framework is fastened across the underside of the heating element that is in turn cast in the said heat spreader layer so that the layer serves both as a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element and the glass-ceramic plate. as well as a heat spreading means of good thermal conductivity across the heated area of the plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS This invention will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary. cross-sectional. elevational view through about one-half of a solid glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit embodying the present invention, showing an aluminum or copper casting held in the underside of the glass-ceramic plate. with the heating element confined therein.

FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the glass-ceramic plate of FIG. 1 showing a pattern ofa plurality of cavities formed on the underside of the glass-ceramic plate so as to increase the surface area of contact between the heat spreader casting and the glass-ceramic plate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Turning now to a consideration of the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, there is shown a cross-sectional, elevational view of a solid plate surface heating unit 10 having a thin glass-ceramic plate 12 which is a molded part of generally circular configuration having an inverted pan-shape by virtue of a recess 14 created on the underside of the glass-ceramic plate due to the presence of a down-turned peripheral wall 15. In other words; this glass-ceramic plate is not a simple plate of uniform thickness throughout, as in most. if not all. glass-ceramic cooktops sold widely on the market today. While this invention is shown incorporated in a single solid plate surface heating unit, it should be understood that it is equally applicable in a cooktop having a plurality of heated areas, where each heated area would have its own heat spreader layer 16.

This glass-ceramic material is electrically insulating and thermally transmissive as well as being highly wear and thermal shock resistant, and resistant to the physical and chemical attacks of foods and liquids which may come in contact with the plate at relatively high temperatures. While the term glass-ceramic material or crystalline glass material is used throughout. it should be understood that this invention encompasses other materials with similar characteristics, such as quartz, high-silica glass, high-temperature glasses and different ceramic materials.

It would be extremely difficult to maintain an even temperature distribution across this glass-ceramic plate 12 if it were heated directly by an open coil resistance heating element or a metal sheathed resistance heating element of looped configuration. Heat diffuses very slowly laterally through the glass-ceramic material, and hence. hot spots would be created on the plate surface nearest the areas of contact between the heater and the glass, as well as between the glass and the warped bottom of a cooking utensil. This type of glass cannot exceed an operational temperature of about l300F at any point, hence, the total heat output of a glassceramic surface heating unit would be reduced if the plate is provided with an uneven temperature distribution. In the absence of a temperature-limiting means, the plate would have to be underheated in order to avoid damaging the glass-ceramic plate.

The present invention contemplates the casting of an aluminum or copper layer 16 within the recess 14 on the underside of the glass-ceramic plate 12. Before this metal casting is poured and solidified, a sub-assembly of a metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element 18 of spiral configuration is first staked or otherwise mounted on a reinforcing support 20 of open framework. This sub-assembly is placed in contact with the molten metal 16 such that as the metal solidifies the heating element and a portion of the reinforcing framework 20 will be cast into the heat spreader layer 16. The sheathed heating element 18 is shown with two vertically-arranged electrical terminals 21 and 22 for joining the heating element in an electrical circuit.

A reflector pan 26 of rather deep configuration is positioned beneath the heating unit 18 and reinforcing framework 20. The upper perimeter of the reflector pan 26 has an outwardly extending ledge 28 on which the supporting framework 20 is seated. A J-bolt 32 is hooked to the reinforcing frame 20 at its upper end 54, while the lower threaded end of the .l-bolt extends through an opening 36 in the bottom of the reflector pan 26 and a nut 38 is tightened on the bolt until the surface unit is tightly held in the reflector pan 26.

It is important to limit the operating temperature of the glass-ceramic plate 12 to a temperature below about l300F. This can best be done by introducing a temperature-limiting means to the solid plate surface unit of the present invention such that the power to the heating element 18 is cut off if the temperature of the heat spreader casting 16 rises to a predetermined temperature. This temperature-limiting means comprises a temperature sensor 42 in the form of an elongated bulb which is positioned outside the outermost coil of the heating element 18 and is positioned on the reinforcing framework and cast in the heat spreader layer 16. This sensor 42 is a bulb-like member that is filled with a high temperature thermostatic fluid such as sodium potasium (NaK) or the like. The sensor communicates with a temperature responder 44 by means of a capillary tube 46, which is shown diagrammatically as a long dash line. This temperature responder 44 is a singlepoint, temperature-limiting switch or thermostat that is set at a critical temperature of about 1250F. This temperature responder 44 would include switch means (not shown) in a series circuit with the heating element 18 such that if the critical temperature of the heat spreader casting would be reached the power circuit to the heating element 18 would be broken and the heating element de-energized. A similar arrangement is utilized in the Hurko US. Pat. No. 3,622,754.

This solid plate surface heating unit 10 is shown mounted in a cooktop 50 by means of a depressed circular ledge 52 that encircles a cut-out opening 54. It is best to provide some means for holding the surface unit 10 down in place, and this function is provided by a trim ring 56 which has a transverse T-shaped crosssection with a first vertical shank section 58 which is insertable into the narrow gap between the periphery of the heating unit 10 and the vertical side 60 created by the recessed ledge 52. The upper edge ofthe vertical shank 58 is provided with a folded-over crown 62 which overlies both the edge of the cooktop 50 and the edge of the glass-ceramic plate 12.

Releasable means must be provided for holding the trim ring 56 in place. For this purpose a series of widely spaced clip members 66 are attached to the shank portion 58 of the trim ring 56 at widely spaced positions around the trim ring. Each clip member 66 is of thin spring material of narrow width, and at its upper end it is provided with an offset finger 68 which is adapted to extend through a mating slot 70 formed in the shank portion of the trim ring 56. The only way to insert the finger 68 through the slot 70 is to remove the surface unit 10 from the cooktop 50 and insert the fingers at a generally perpendicular angle with respect to the shank portion 58 of the trim ring, and then pivot or lower the clip member down against the side of the shank portion, as is best seen in FIG. 1. These fingers 68 become captured in place in the slots 70 due to the small clearance between the shank portion 58 and the vertical side 60 of the cooktop edge. Each clip member 66 is generally of Z-shape in side view having a generally vertically upper flange 74, a generally horizontal mid-portion 76 and a wide V-shaped lower portion 78. This lower V- portion 78 has an apex 80 that is directed generally toward the edge of the ledge 52 of the cooktop 50 to serve as a detent member, such that when the surface unit 10 is lowered onto the recessed ledge 52 of the cooktop 50, the apex 80 tends to engage the innermost edge of the ledge 52 until additional force causes the clip member to spring away from the ledge and then the apex to snap back beneath the ledge to serve as a tight hold-down means.

There is a tendency for the metal casting 16 to contract slightly from the glass-ceramic plate 12 as the casting solidifies. This effect can be counterbalanced by providing a pattern of concavities in the glasssurface in the recess 14, as is best seen in the bottom plan view of FIG. 2. This increases the surface area of contact between the metal casting and the glassceramic plate to improve the thermal coupling between these two parts. Other patterns of concavities 85 may be substituted such as a corrugated surface, a pebbled embossed or textured surface.

Modifications of this invention will occur to those skilled in this art, therefore, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed but that it is intended to cover all modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of 5 this invention as claimed.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A surface heating unit comprising a glass-ceramic plate having recess means formed on the underside thereof, the recess means substantially covering a large area of the plate and being substantially filled with a metal casting of high thermal conductivity such as aluminum or copper that is formed in place, a metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with a reinforcing member of open framework fastened across the underside of the heating element, the heating element and reinforcing member being partially embedded in the said metal casting, whereby the metal casting serves as both a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element and the glassceramic plate as well as the heat spreader means across the plate.

2. A glass-ceramic plate as recited in claim 1 wherein the said recess means on the underside of the glassceramic plate is formed with a plurality of cavities that are also filled with the metal casting so as to increase the area of contact between the glass-ceramic plate and the metal casting.

3. A surface heating unit as recited in claim 1 wherein there is a reflector pan positioned beneath the glass-ceramic plate and having a peripheral edge near the top portion of the pan on which the said reinforcing member is seated, and fastening means joining the re flector pan to the reinforcing member, the area of the glass-ceramic plate in contact with the metal casting being provided with a textured surface having a plurality of cavities for increasing the area of contact between these two parts and hence the thermal coupling action. 

1. A surface heating unit comprising a glass-ceramic plate having recess means formed on the underside thereof, the recess means substantially covering a large area of the plate and being substantially filled with a metal casting of high thermal conductivity such as aluminum or copper that is formed in place, a metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with a reinforcing member of open framework fastened across the underside of the heating element, the heating element and reinforcing member being partially embedded in the said metal casting, whereby the metal casting serves as both a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element and the glass-ceraMic plate as well as the heat spreader means across the plate.
 2. A glass-ceramic plate as recited in claim 1 wherein the said recess means on the underside of the glass-ceramic plate is formed with a plurality of cavities that are also filled with the metal casting so as to increase the area of contact between the glass-ceramic plate and the metal casting.
 3. A surface heating unit as recited in claim 1 wherein there is a reflector pan positioned beneath the glass-ceramic plate and having a peripheral edge near the top portion of the pan on which the said reinforcing member is seated, and fastening means joining the reflector pan to the reinforcing member, the area of the glass-ceramic plate in contact with the metal casting being provided with a textured surface having a plurality of cavities for increasing the area of contact between these two parts and hence the thermal coupling action. 